In daily life and industrial production, sealing materials are ubiquitous and play a crucial role. They are widely used in multiple fields such as construction, transportation, power, chemical engineering, new energy, automobiles, aerospace, etc., ensuring the normal operation of equipment and the safety of the environment. This article will take you on a deep dive into the classification and characteristics of sealing materials.
I. Overview of Sealing Materials
Sealing materials are mainly used to fill and seal the gaps between objects to prevent the leakage of liquids, gases or solid particles. They not only have air tightness and water tightness, but also can withstand certain pressure and temperature changes. According to their form and application, sealing materials are mainly divided into two categories: shaped sealing materials and unshaped sealing materials.
Ii. Standardized Sealing materials
Standardized sealing materials refer to sealing materials with certain shapes and sizes, such as sealing strips, waterstop belts, sealing gaskets, etc. These materials are usually pre-made into specific shapes according to engineering requirements for easy installation and use.
Sealing strips: Commonly used for sealing in doors, Windows, automobiles and other parts, they have good elasticity and durability.
2. Waterstop: Mainly used for waterproofing treatment of buildings, especially in underground and tunnel projects, it can effectively prevent groundwater infiltration.
3. Gasket: Widely used at the interfaces of various equipment and pipelines, it provides reliable sealing performance.
Iii. Unshaped Sealing materials
Unshaped sealing materials are usually viscous or semi-solid and can be applied or filled into the gaps as needed. This type of material can be classified into three major categories according to the raw materials and their properties: plastic sealant, elastoplastic sealant and elastic sealant.
Plastic sealant
Plastic sealant is mainly made of modified asphalt and coal tar. It has certain elastoplasticity and durability, but its elasticity is poor and its extensibility is insufficient. Its price is relatively low and it is suitable for occasions where the sealing performance requirements are not high.
2. Elastoplastic sealant
Elastoplastic sealant is mainly made of polyvinyl chloride putty and various plastic oil pastes. Compared with plastic sealant, it has better elongation and adhesion, but its elasticity is still relatively weak. This type of material is suitable for sealing occasions that require certain elasticity and adhesion.
3. Elastic sealant
Elastic sealant is made of high-performance materials such as polysulfide rubber, silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, polyurethane and naphthalene acrylate, featuring excellent elasticity, durability and chemical resistance. They can maintain a sealing effect for a long time and are suitable for high-demand sealing occasions, such as aerospace, chemical and high-temperature industrial equipment, etc.
Iv. Rubber Sealing materials
Rubber-based elastomer materials are the most widely used type among sealing materials. Different rubber materials have different properties and are suitable for different application environments.
Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) : It has good oil resistance and high wear resistance, and is suitable for the automotive industry, hydraulic equipment and oil seals, etc.
2. Fluororubber (FKM) : It has excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance, and is suitable for extreme environments and high-demand applications.
3. Silicone rubber (SiR) : It has good resistance to high and low temperatures and weather, and is suitable for food processing, medical equipment, electronic components, etc.
4. Chloroprene rubber (CR) : It has strong wear resistance and good cold resistance, and is suitable for hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
5.EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber) : It has excellent weather resistance, chemical resistance and high-temperature resistance, and is widely used in building seals and refrigeration equipment, etc.
V. Future Development Trends
With the development of the emerging industrial adhesive market, the sealing materials industry is gradually moving towards high-end and specialized directions. Higher performance requirements have been put forward for sealing materials in fields such as transportation, power, chemical engineering, new energy, automobiles, and aerospace, which has promoted technological innovation and industrial upgrading in the sealing materials industry. In the future, the sealing materials industry will pay more attention to technological innovation and green development, improve product quality and meet market demands.
Summary
Sealing materials, as an indispensable part of industrial production and daily life, their classification and characteristics are crucial for ensuring the safety of equipment and the environment. Through the introduction of this article, it is hoped that readers can have a deeper understanding of sealing materials and make more reasonable choices in practical applications.
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