Rubber shock absorbers, as an important type of shock absorption component, play an indispensable role in modern industry and transportation vehicles. With their outstanding shock absorption and isolation performance, they are widely used in multiple fields such as machinery, automobiles, railway locomotives, water transportation vehicles, aircraft and other aircraft. This article will provide a detailed introduction to the working principle, characteristics, classification and main application fields of rubber shock absorbers.
I. Working Principle
The working principle of rubber shock absorbers is mainly based on the special physical properties of rubber materials. Rubber molecules that have undergone vulcanization treatment are both elastic and flexible, capable of withstanding deformation and absorbing and converting kinetic energy during the deformation process, thereby achieving shock absorption effects. When a vehicle or mechanical equipment vibrates, the piston inside the rubber shock absorber will move along with it. The oil flows repeatedly between the chambers inside the shock absorber, gradually converting the kinetic energy of the vibration into thermal or mechanical energy through various small holes, thereby playing a buffering and stabilizing role.
Ii. Characteristics
Rubber shock absorbers are widely used mainly due to their unique physical properties:
1. High elasticity and viscoelasticity: Rubber possesses high elasticity and viscoelasticity, enabling it to quickly restore its deformation when subjected to external forces and effectively absorb vibration energy.
2. Large elastic deformation: Compared with steel materials, rubber has a large elastic deformation and a very small elastic modulus, which is conducive to reducing impact deformation and dynamic deformation.
3. Stress-strain curve: The stress-strain curve of rubber is an elliptical hysteresis curve, with its area equal to the vibration energy (damping) converted into heat in each vibration cycle, which can be adjusted through formula design.
4. Adjustable shape and hardness: The shape of the rubber can be freely selected, and the hardness can be adjusted through formula design to meet the requirements of stiffness and strength in different directions.
5. High internal friction: Rubber shock absorbers have high internal friction, providing excellent shock absorption performance. This is conducive to crossing the resonance zone and attenuating high-frequency vibrations and noise.
Iii. Classification
According to different usage conditions and requirements, rubber shock absorbers can be designed into various types, mainly including:
JP type rubber shock absorber components: Suitable for electronic instruments and meters, protecting the entire machine from vibration and impact.
2.JPZ type three-directional equal stiffness shock absorber: Mainly used in aerospace and aviation instruments and meters.
3.JG shear shock absorbers: Used in fans, air compressors, refrigerators, water pumps and precision instrument and meter devices.
4. Z-type rubber equal-frequency shock absorbers: Widely used in various machinery, instruments, machine tools, equipment, etc.
5.6JX type anti-shock absorber: Used in ships, vehicles and other power machinery, etc.
6.6WN type diesel locomotive shock absorber: Used for the main engine of the internal combustion engine.
7.WJ rubber shock absorbers: They are widely used and can withstand loads in any direction.
8.YXN and XN rubber torsional vibration shock absorbers: Used in the crankshaft system of automotive engines.
Iv. Main Application Fields
Rubber shock absorbers for automobiles: Enhance ride comfort, reduce vehicle vibration, and ensure driving safety.
2. Rubber shock-absorbing products for railway locomotives and sleeper pads: Reduce the wear of tracks and locomotives, improve operational stability, and extend service life.
3. Rubber shock absorbers for Bridges: Absorb the impacts brought by natural phenomena such as earthquakes, protect the bridge structure, and enhance the safety of the bridge.
4. Rubber shock absorbers for construction projects: They play a role in vibration reduction and isolation in building structures, enhancing the vibration resistance of buildings and ensuring the safety of residents' lives.
5. Rubber shock absorbers for industrial equipment: Protect equipment from vibration, extend the service life of equipment, and improve production efficiency.
Summary
Rubber shock absorbers, with their outstanding performance and wide application range, have become an indispensable part of modern industry and transportation vehicles. With the advancement of technology and the increase in demand, the design and application of rubber shock absorbers will also continue to innovate and develop, bringing more convenience and safety to people's production and life.
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