In modern industrial equipment and mechanical engineering, sealing technology is an important link to ensure the safe and efficient operation of equipment. The role of sealing technology is to prevent media such as liquid, gas or dust from leaking from the inside of the equipment, or prevent external pollutants from entering the inside of the equipment. This paper will popularize the sealing technology, and introduce its basic principle, main types, characteristics and application scenarios in detail.
First, the basic principle of sealing technology
The basic goal of sealing technology is to achieve effective isolation between the inside and outside of the equipment. Seals are usually sealed in the following ways:
Contact seal: Through the close contact between the seal and the joint surface to achieve sealing, this way is suitable for static sealing and low-speed movement of the occasion.
Liquid seal: The use of liquid (such as oil) to form a liquid film between the joint surface to seal, which is often used in mechanical seals and hydraulic systems.
Elastic seal: With the elastic deformation of the sealing material, enough pressure is generated on the joint surface to achieve sealing, which is suitable for a variety of static and dynamic sealing occasions.
Non-contact seal: through the specially designed sealing structure, avoid direct contact between the seal and the joint surface, reduce wear, suitable for high-speed rotating equipment.
Two, the main sealing types
According to the working state and structural characteristics of seals, sealing technology can be divided into the following main types:
Static seal:
Definition: The seal is relatively stationary with the joint surface and is commonly used as a seal between fixed parts.
Common types:
Rubber O-ring: Suitable for static sealing under various temperature and pressure conditions.
Gasket sealing: such as asbestos gasket, rubber gasket, PTFE gasket, etc., suitable for flange connection and other occasions.
Sealant: By applying or injecting sealant to achieve sealing effect, suitable for small gaps or difficult to install seals.
Dynamic seal:
Definition: The relative movement of the seal and the joint surface is commonly seen as a seal between moving parts.
Common types:
Mechanical seal: composed of static ring and dynamic ring, through the spring force and the pressure of sealing fluid, to maintain the fit state, suitable for pumps, compressors and other equipment.
Oil seal: Used for shaft seal to prevent oil leakage and external pollutants from entering the equipment, suitable for shaft equipment.
Packing seal: through the packing box in the packing box (such as asbestos, graphite, etc.) to achieve sealing, mainly used for reciprocating piston rod and so on.
Third, the characteristics of sealing technology
Whether it is static seal or dynamic seal, its main characteristics can be summarized as follows:
High temperature stability: Many seals can maintain stable performance in high temperature environments to ensure normal operation of equipment under high temperature conditions.
Corrosion resistance: Seals have good corrosion resistance to most chemical media and can resist the erosion of acids, alkalis and other corrosive substances.
High hardness and wear resistance: Seals usually have high hardness and wear resistance, which can maintain a long life under high load and high-speed operation conditions.
Low coefficient of friction: seals have a low coefficient of friction, which can reduce wear and heat caused by friction and improve equipment efficiency.
Durability: High-quality seals can maintain stable sealing performance over a long period of use, reducing the frequency of maintenance and replacement.
Iv. Application scenarios
Sealing technology is widely used in a variety of industrial equipment and mechanical engineering, common application scenarios include:
Pipes and valves: Used to prevent liquid or gas leakage at the connection of pipes and valves.
Tanks and containers: Flange connections for sealing containers to prevent media leakage.
Pumps and compressors: Sealing of the rotating shaft to prevent liquid or gas leakage.
Valve: Used to seal between valve stem and valve cover to prevent media leakage and external contamination.
Reciprocating equipment: such as compressor piston rod seal to prevent oil leakage.
Spacecraft and nuclear industry: In the case of extremely strict requirements for sealing materials, to ensure the safe operation of equipment under extreme conditions such as high radiation, high temperature and high pressure.
5. Selection and design of sealing technology
In the selection and design of sealing technology, the following factors should be considered:
Medium characteristics: including temperature, pressure, corrosion, etc., choose sealing materials and structures that can adapt to these characteristics.
Equipment movement mode: Determine whether the seal needs to deal with relative movement, choose static seal or dynamic seal.
Installation conditions: Considering the installation difficulty and accuracy requirements of seals, choose a sealing method that is easy to install and maintain.
Cost-effectiveness: under the premise of meeting the sealing requirements, choose an economical and efficient sealing solution to balance cost and performance.
conclusion
Sealing technology is an indispensable part of modern industrial equipment and mechanical engineering, which plays an important role in preventing media leakage, protecting equipment safety and improving operating efficiency. By understanding the basic principles, characteristics and application scenarios of various sealing technologies, seals can be better selected and used to ensure the safe and reliable operation of equipment.
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